{"id":5534,"date":"2026-01-13T01:39:17","date_gmt":"2026-01-13T09:39:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tfngj.com\/?p=5534"},"modified":"2026-01-13T01:39:18","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T09:39:18","slug":"pcm-frame-structure-the-foundation-and-evolution-of-modern-digital-communications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tfngj.com\/ar\/pcm-frame-structure-the-foundation-and-evolution-of-modern-digital-communications\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 PCM: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0640 BER \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a (BER) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BER = \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/strong>N<\/strong>\u2192\u221e<\/strong> <\/strong>N<\/strong>e<\/sub><\/strong><\/sub><\/strong>\/N<\/strong>\u200b\u200b<\/strong>\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0626\u0629 (ESR) \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 (SESR) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 ITU-T G.826 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 E1 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 2 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 10-6<\/sup> \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 BER \u0625\u0644\u0649 10-3<\/sup>, \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 SDH\/PDH \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PRBS (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 223<\/sup>-1 \u0623\u0648 231<\/sup>-1 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637) \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 BER \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a IEEE Transactions on Communications\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 10000 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0623\u0648 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 [1-IEEE Transactions on Communications-2019].<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2202A<\/strong>\/<\/strong>\u2202<\/strong>z<\/strong>+<\/strong>A<\/strong>\u03b1<\/strong>\/2<\/strong>-\u0640<\/strong>2<\/sub><\/strong><\/sub><\/strong>\/2*<\/strong>\u2202<\/strong>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong>\u0623-\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong>= \u03b3\u03b3AQL8001<\/strong>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong>A<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b A<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636, \u03b1<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646, \u03b2\u2082<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u064f\u0651\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u03b3<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a (DCM) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a BER \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 40 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10-9<\/sup> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 TCP \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 30%-40%. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 TCP \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 [2-\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629-2021].<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a (BERT) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 CRC\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 RFC 2544 \u0648 Y.1564 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (SLA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 PCM\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631. \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 (FAS) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 E1 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u201c0011011\u201d. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a FAS \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a (SDN)\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u201d. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 (INT) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a Optics Express \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 15 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 87% [3 -Optics Express-2022].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a eCPRI \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10-12<\/sup>, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a BER \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 Q-factor. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 Q \u0648 BER \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BER=1<\/strong>\/2<\/strong>\u0625\u0631\u0641\u0643(<\/strong>Q\/<\/strong>\u221a<\/strong>2<\/strong>)<\/strong>\u2248<\/strong>e<\/strong>-Q<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong>\u00b2<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong>\/2<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/strong>\/<\/strong>Q<\/strong>\u221a<\/strong>2\u03c0<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 PCM<\/h2>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 TDM \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 PCM \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a (TDM)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (IP) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (IMS)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645 RTP\/UDP\/IP\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 20 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 PCM \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 G.711 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 RTP \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a PCM \u0643\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645 IP\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 <0.1%\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 <20 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 TDM.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (DCI)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 PCM \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628. \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (PCM) - \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 PCM \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 Nature Communications\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a BER \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10-15<\/sup> \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a 200 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 [4-\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 - 2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 (CV-QKD) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a PCM\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 PCM.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 PCM\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u201c\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0647 PCM \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TFN \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/a> \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0639\u0645 TFN:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628: +86-18765219251<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: info@tfngj.com<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As network engineers, we navigate daily the digital deluge composed of countless Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) frames. From SDH\/SONET backbone networks to Ethernet transmissions in data centers, PCM frame structure remains the fundamental framework of digital communication systems. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the technical principles of PCM, explores the application of bit […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4960,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tfn-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nPCM Frame Structure: The Foundation and Evolution of Modern Digital Communications - Communication Test Expert<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tfngj.com\/ar\/pcm-frame-structure-the-foundation-and-evolution-of-modern-digital-communications\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PCM Frame Structure: The Foundation and Evolution of Modern Digital Communications - Communication Test Expert\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As network engineers, we navigate daily the digital deluge composed of countless Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) frames. 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